四川黄龙沟源头黄龙泉泉水及其下游溪水的水化学变化研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

王海静  刘再华  曾成  刘香玲  孙海龙  安德军  唐淑  张清明 《地球化学》2009,38(3):307-314

用水化学仪器自动记录、现场滴定及取样室内分析等方法,对四川黄龙沟钙华景区水的物理化学动态变化特征进行了研究。结果发现,黄龙钙华的沉积主要起因于水中CO2的大量释放,造成溪流自黄龙泉泉口向下游方向水的二氧化碳分压（p（CO2））和电导率（EC）降低,pH值和方解石饱和指数（SIc）升高。但仔细分析发现,水化学的这一空间变化主要发生在SIc〈1．0时;当SIc〉1．0后,向下游方向,水化学趋于稳定。同时,黄龙沟地表融雪水和沿途泉水分别产生的稀释和浓集作用对溪流水化学的这一空间变化产生了明显的影响。此外,源头黄龙泉的水化学稳定,没有明显的日变化,而下游的池水则出现pH值、EC和SIc及p（CO2）的显著日变化,即白天p（CO2）、EC较低,而pH和SIc较高,反映了白天较快的碳酸钙沉积,其中温度和水生生物光合作用的影响可分别达到19％和81％。  相似文献   

地图在鄂州市水产资源决策中的应用     

张正中 《地理空间信息》2004,2(4):43-44

根据地图信息论,利用地图全面准确掌握湖北省鄂州市的水资源,并利用地图数据进行分析、决策,在此基础上,预测2005年的发展。  相似文献   

Records of aquatic pollen and sediment properties as indicators of late-Quaternary Alaskan lake levels     

Mary E. Edwards  Nancy H. Bigelow  Bruce P. Finney  Wendy R. Eisner 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,24(1):55-68

We investigated whether techniques developed to evaluate qualitative lake-level changes in the temperate zone can be used in sub-arctic and arctic Alaska. We focused on aquatic pollen records and sediment properties (loss-on-ignition and magnetic susceptibility) from centrally-located sediment-surface samples and cores, as these are the most commonly reported data in the literature. Modern aquatic pollen values are generally low (< 5%) and may be zero, even in lakes with abundant aquatic macrophytes. Greater diversity and higher values of aquatic pollen are likely at depths < 5 m, but pollen is found in depths up to 15 m. It is absent at depths > 20 m. Spores of Isoetes and Equisetum and Pediastrum cell-nets, when present, tend to be widely distributed, even in deep water. At Birch Lake, interior Alaska, trends in aquatic taxa and sediment characteristics for the last ca. 12,000 ¹⁴C yrs recorded in a single, deep-water core reflect the same water-level changes as do transect-based lake-level reconstructions - if modern distributional characteristics of pollen and spores are taken into account. The lake rose from extremely low levels at ca. 12,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. After a period of fluctuation, it rose to a relatively high level by ca. 8000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. and then stabilized. A preliminary survey of aquatic pollen trends from other lake-sediment records suggests that the period ca. 11,000-8000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. may have seen relatively low lake levels in north-western and interior Alaska and high levels thereafter. Changes in aquatic pollen and sediments are evident in north-eastern interior lakes at the same time, but they are more difficult to interpret. Aquatic pollen productivity in Alaskan lakes may partly depend on factors other than water depth (e.g. temperature, pH, nutrient status, or length of the ice-free season). An Alaska-wide reconstruction of late-Quaternary lake levels based on extant single-core data would be best done after further study of contributing factors that may control sediment properties and aquatic pollen distribution.  相似文献   

The development of the aquatic ecosystem at Kråkenes Lake, western Norway, during the late glacial and early Holocene - a synthesis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hilary H. Birks  R.W. Battarbee  H.J.B. Birks 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,23(1):91-114

This paper synthesises the palaeoecological reconstructions, including palaeoclimatic inferences, based on the available fossil record of plants (pollen, macrofossils, mosses, diatoms) and animals (chironomids, Cladocera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, oribatid mites) in the late-glacial and early-Holocene sediments of Kråkenes Lake, western Norway, with special emphasis on changes in the aquatic ecosystem. New percentage and influx pollen diagrams for selected taxa provide insights into the terrestrial setting. The information from all the proxies is collated in a stratigraphical chart, and the inferred changes in the lake and its catchment are discussed. The individual fossil sequences are summarised by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and sample scores on the first DCA axes are plotted against an estimated calendar-year timescale for comparison of the timing and magnitude of changes in assemblage composition. The DCA plots show that the large late-glacial biotic changes were synchronous, and were driven by the overriding forcing factor of temperature. During the early Holocene, however, the changes in different groups were more gradual and were independent of each other, showing that other factors were important and interactive, such as the inwash of dissolved and particulate material from the catchment, the base and nutrient status of the lake-water, and the internal processes of ecosystem succession and sediment accumulation. This multi-disciplinary study, with proxies for changes in the lake and in the catchment, highlights the dependence of lake biota and processes not only on regional climatic changes but also on changes in the lake catchment and on internal processes within the lake. Rates of change for each group are also estimated and compared. The reaction times to the sharp temperature changes at the start and end of the Younger Dryas were very rapid and occurred within a decade of the temperature change. Aquatic organisms tracked the temperature and environmental changes very closely, and are probably the best recorders of late-glacial climatic change in the fossil record.  相似文献   

斑节对虾淡化养殖水质特点和管理   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

苏国成  陈水土  虞天龙 《台湾海峡》2000,19(1):11-16

1996、1997年福建海洋研究所在福建省龙岩市山区以盐卤水与溪水调制成养殖水体,进行斑节对虾淡化养殖试验。本文着重讨论该养殖水体中温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH等化学因子的水质特点,该水质有利于斑节对虾生长。  相似文献   

Flow in a tightly curving meander bend: effects of seasonal changes in aquatic macrophyte cover     

I. Schnauder  A. N. Sukhodolov 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(11):1142-1157

The effects of aquatic macrophytes on flow and turbulence were studied in a tightly curving meander bend. Three field measurement campaigns were carried out within a one year period to capture effects of seasonal changes in macrophyte cover. They comprised three‐dimensional velocity measurements and mappings of vegetation cover and bathymetry. Flow accelerates and converges over the run into an axial pool in a jet‐like flow pattern bordered by outer and inner bank flow separation zones. The jet and widening of the cross‐section anticipate helical flow until the second half of the bend, where an asymmetric pool developed. Submerged vegetation at the riffles preserves the jet at much lower discharges during the summer period by concentrating high momentum fluid near the surface. Plants locally modify the velocity and stress patterns, reduce bed shear stresses, create zones of fine sediment accumulation and reinforce the bed and banks with roots and rhizomes. Plant patches colonising the banks and the point bar confine secondary flow cells laterally and affect shape and magnitude of the transverse flow profiles near their edges. The morphology of the bend was very stable over the observation period and neither bank erosion nor pool scouring occurred. However, fine sediments accumulate within vegetation patches and in the recirculation zones while the remaining open areas tend to erode slightly. With the decay of macrophytes in winter, sediment accumulations are mobilised again and the bathymetry levels, supporting cyclic models of morphologic change in vegetated bends. In the second part of the paper, semi‐empirical models for the three predominant flow types were tested and discussed; velocity and stress models of vegetated mixing layers and plane turbulent jets, and Rozovskii's model for the transverse flow in bends. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

绿潮藻浒苔光合固碳与防治海水酸化的作用Ⅰ.光合固碳与海水pH值提高速率研究     

冯子慧  孟阳  陆巍  陈群芳  于克锋  蔡春尔  霍元子  吴维宁  魏华  何培民 《海洋学报》2012,34(2):162-168

以黄海绿潮暴发的主要漂浮种类浒苔 (Ulva prolifera)为材料,在实验室条件下研究了浒苔光合参数、固碳速率及提升海水pH的作用,结果表明:浒苔光合作用半饱和常数K_m为0.25 mmol/dm3,光合作用饱和时海水溶解无机碳(DIC)浓度也只需1.2 mmol/dm3,为正常海水DIC浓度(2.4 mmol/dm3)一半,故黄海绿潮暴发时藻体可以一直保持光合作用饱和与旺盛生长状态。水生条件下浒苔藻体主要吸收海水中的DIC,0.5 g/dm3培养密度下,1个光周期内净光合固碳速率为10.92 mg /(g·d)(鲜重)。连续培养5 d,0.5,1.0和2.5 g/dm3培养密度组的DIC浓度从22 mg/dm3分别降为4.85,2.62和0.66 mg/dm3,表明DIC去除率随藻体培养密度提高而增强,分别可达77.78%,88.00%,96.98%;藻体吸收海水中无机碳的同时可使海水pH升高,0.5 g/dm3培养密度下,1个光周期内净提升pH速率高达0.96/(dm3·g·d)。连续培养5 d,0.5,1.0和2.5 g/dm3培养密度组第1天其pH分别可达到9.1,9.2和9.7,表明藻体密度越高pH提升越快,而且第5天pH均可稳定在9.9左右。浒苔暴露在空气中可直接吸收空气中CO₂,1个光周期内其光合固碳速率约为46.14 mg/(g·d),而在海水中的光合固碳速率为10.92 mg/(g·d),可见浒苔在空气中的光合固碳速率是水中的4.23倍。水生和气生时单位质量藻体的固碳效率因藻体间相互遮蔽而下降。结果可为今后黄海绿潮暴发机制及CO₂减排和防止海洋酸化作用的评估提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

水生植物对水体中营养因子作用的响应     

傅明辉  陈海林  李园枚 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(2):142-150

水生植物在水生态系统中具有重要作用,水体中营养因子会影响水生植物的生理生化。本文综述了水生植物在生长生理和分子生理方面对水体中营养因子作用的响应,揭示植物适应营养环境的生理和分子机制。这方面的研究能够为水体生态系统的保护和水生植物的开发和利用提供理论基础。  相似文献   

Biodegradation of the Antituberculosis Drug Isoniazid in the Aquatic Environment          下载免费PDF全文

Samuel Sasu  Jörg Metzger  Martin Kranert  Klaus Kümmerer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(2):166-172

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海水网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价     

陈丹琴  杨京平  蔡燕红  杨耀芳 《海洋学研究》2015,33(3):62-69

近年来,我国海水网箱养殖业的迅速发展给海洋生态环境带来了相当大的压力。目前不少学者从不同方面对网箱养殖区环境质量作了分析和评价,但还没有1个公认统一的评价标准和方法,也缺乏从整体上进行综合评价的研究。本文以宁波西沪港网箱养殖区为例,采用层次分析法,从环境适宜性和水产品质量安全性两方面构建了网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价指标体系,根据历史和现状监测资料以及相关文献筛选了评价指标,确定了评价标准,并结合指数评价法对养殖区环境质量现状进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:2011年西沪港网箱养殖区综合质量等级为较好,主要存在的风险为水体富营养化和水产品中的重金属污染。  相似文献